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All gases whose molecules have three or more atoms are greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), and methane (CH4) are important greenhouse gases that have maintained Earth's warm temperature for billions of years.
Greenhouse gases in the air, mainly carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap radiation from the Sun and act like a thermal blanket around the planet. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would have an average temperature of -18 °C and be covered in ice.