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Water is still the main way to extinguish forest fires. Along with natural watercourses, deep or shallow wells, artificial ponds, dams, underground water tanks (cisterns) or auxiliary water supplies in or near forests can be used as firefighting reservoirs.
A forest fire is unenclosed and freely spreading combustion that consumes the natural fuels of a forest—i.e., duff, grass, weeds, brush, and trees. Forest fires occur in three principal forms, the distinctions depending essentially on their mode of spread and their position in relation to the ground surface.